辐射百合雄性不育突变体的RAPD分析

近年来,分子标记辅助育种取得了较大进展,各种标记方法的广泛使用极大地加快了新品种的选育速度。随机引物扩增DNA多态性分子标记(RAPD)因其灵敏度高、速度快,可对整个基因组进行标记且费用和技术难度较低,易于应用而倍受青睐[1],已在植物亲缘关系与品种鉴定[2～4]、遗传多样性检测[5,6]、遗传图谱的构建与基因定位[7]、辅助选择育种[8,9]、育种材料的早期的选择、突变体的鉴定等方面得到了较多的应用[10～13]。由于突变体是植物基因组(达2 0×109bp)少数位点发生突变的结果,1个随机引物仅能检测基因组的极少部分,因而突变体的检测相对困…     

斑嘴鸭的驯养繁殖和开发利用研究

为探索斑嘴鸭人工驯化的价值及规模化养殖的可行性,对微山湖斑嘴鸭的形态特征及生活习性,驯养方法及条件,以及开发利用价值进行了研究和探讨.     

白花败酱繁育技术初步研究

采用种子繁殖、扦插繁殖和分株繁殖试验对白花败酱的繁殖技术进行研究。结果表明：上述三种方式的繁殖效果均表现良好，其中分株繁殖苗成活率近100％，且长势良好，见效最快；老枝和嫩枝在大棚内和露地的扦插成活率均在80％以上；种子发芽率虽较低，播种繁殖仍是一种较好的方法。白花败酱适应性强，适于人工繁育栽培。     

Application of the pipe model theory to non-destructive estimation of leaf biomass and leaf area of pruned agroforestry trees

The relationship of branch cross sectional area (CS) to leaf biomass (LM) and leaf area (LA) was studied in three agroforestry tree species,Calliandra calothyrsus Maissn.,Erythrina berteroana Urban andErythrina poeppigiana (Walpers) O.F. Cook, to develop a non-destructive method for the estimation of LM and LA for trees managed with periodic pruning. Variation in these relationships was observed according to the bifurcation level and, in theErythrina spp., by clone. All the relationships were linear except the CS-LM relation in small branches ofE. poeppigiana, where it was initially exponential. At main branch level the relationship of CS to LM and LA was linear in all cases but the regression parameter values varied between species and clones, with determination coefficient (R²) 0.88–0.99. It was concluded that the ratio of main branch CS to LM and LA can be used for non-destructive estimation of the latter variables. The method has the additional benefit that the regression parameter value reflects the allocation of dry matter within a tree and, consequently, may give indications about its possible uses in different agroforestry systems.Work carried out at the Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica.     

速生耐寒邓恩桉在桉树分布北缘区的适生性

桉树E uca lyp tus为世界热带、亚热带地区的极有价值的造林树种.对邓恩桉在湘中地区引种后的生长情况进行调查.结果表明:在桉树引种北缘区,邓恩桉年平均高生长为2.3~3.0 m,胸径生长2.2~3.0 cm,表现出一定的抗瘠薄能力、抗寒耐寒性和速生性.扼要地总结了邓恩桉种苗繁殖技术的进展,并就存在的问题提出了解决方法.     

水曲柳性状相关选优方法的探讨

根据30株天然水曲柳解析木资料，运用相关分析原理，对其胸径、树龄、树高之间关系进行了探讨，并利用其回归方程，编制了天然水曲柳胸径、树龄、树高相关表，为石沉大海 曲柳选优找到了简便可靠的方法。     

用于黄瓜白粉病抗性鉴定的InDel标记

根据黄瓜白粉病抗性主效基因/QTL的插入/缺失突变,将其设计成共显性的In Del分子标记。通过群体连锁分析,发现In Del-MLO1标记与黄瓜白粉病抗性主效基因共分离。应用该标记对24份来自世界各地且白粉病抗性已知的黄瓜材料进行抗性验证,21份材料的抗性表型与标记的带型一致,说明在黄瓜进化和驯化过程中,造成抗病表型的该插入/缺失突变发生普遍。因此,该In Del标记适合于大多数黄瓜材料的白粉病抗性鉴定和分子标记辅助育种,从而加快黄瓜白粉病抗病育种的进程。     

优质中熟线椒新品种辣丰三号的选育

辣丰三号是以M203-BY(6203)为母本、以M203-HF(8002)为父本配制而成的线椒新品种。该品种中熟,连续坐果能力强,果实细长、羊角形,果长22 cm、粗1.6 cm左右,单果质量22 g左右,果实光亮、顺直,果形整齐美观,青熟果深绿色、红果颜色鲜亮且不变软,辣味较强、口感佳,耐贮运、适应性广、收获期长,产量高,一般667 m2产量4 000 kg以上。     

丰帅苹果品种选育报告

丰帅是江苏省丰县农委果树研究所从金帅中选育的芽变品种,于2011年通过江苏省果茶花品种鉴定,鉴定证号为苏鉴果201109号。该品种在保留金帅优良特性的基础上,具有果实高桩、果面光洁、果锈较少的特点,适合在黄河故道区域发展。     

Genetic improvement in pine wilt disease resistance inPinus thunbergii: The effectiveness of pre-screening with an artificial inoculation at the nursery

Open pollinated progenies from 15 clones of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii), that had been selected for their tolerance to pine wilt disease, were tested by artificial inoculation with pine wood nematode for six years at a nursery of Kyushu Regional Breeding Office. Family variations in the respective year were all significant. An analysis of variance across the six years’ tests confirmed highly significant effect of year and of families; however, the year by family interaction was significant also. Phenotypic and genetic variances estimated from each year’s result were fitted to a quadratic regression using their mean survival ratio as an independent variable. The variances were greatest at around 0.5 of the mean survival ratio. Estimated heritability showed a similar trend of change, whereas the peak of the expected amount of improvement shifted toward the lower survival range: around 0.4, where a greater selection differential was anticipated. It was concluded that a useful amount of genetic improvement that may be reduced by 30% due to the interaction, would be expected by prescreening seedlings where the mean survival ratio after inoculation was around 0.25 to 0.6.